The Global Role of Kidney Transplantation Guillermo Gracia Gracia 1, Paul Harden 2, Jeremy Chapman 31 Nephrology Service, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, University of Guardalajara Health Sciences (CUCS) Hospital 278, Guadalajara, Jal 44280 Mexico 2. Oxford Kidney Unit and Oxford Transplant Centre, Churchill Hospita,l Oxford, UK 3. Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney University, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145 Australia Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation: Year:2012 Vol:23 Issue:2 Pages:215-22 Abstract World Kidney Day on March 8 th 2012 provides a chance to reflect on the success of kidney transplantation as a therapy for end stage kidney disease that surpasses dialysis treatments both for the quality and quantity of life that it provides and for its cost effectiveness. Anything that is both cheaper and better, but is not actually the dominant therapy, must have other drawbacks that prevent replacement of all dialysis treatment by transplantation.  The barriers to universal transplantation as the therapy for end stage kidney disease include the economic limitations which, in some countries place transplantation, appropriately, at a lower priority than public health fundamentals such as clean water, sanitation and vaccination. Even in high income countries the technical challenges of surgery and the consequences of immunosuppression restrict the number of suitable recipients, but the major finite restrictions onkidney transplantation rates are the shortage of donated organs and the limited medical, surgical and nursing workforces with the required expertise. These problems have solutions which involve the full range of societal, professional, governmental and political environments. World Kidney Day is a call to deliver transplantation therapy to the one million people a year who have a right to benefit. Read full text here